Open source robotic programme

A couple of years ago, the Willow Garage robotics company gave ten of its PR2 robots away
 to deserving research groups. The idea behind the project was that these groups would use the PR2s for robotics research, then share their discoveries with each other, thus advancing the field farther than would be possible if they each had to build their own unique robots from scratch. Now, a similar but unrelated project is underway, and this time the robots are designed specifically to perform surgery.
The National Science Foundation-funded project involves seven identical Raven II surgical robots, which were designed in a joint effort between the University of Washington (UW) and the University of California, Santa Cruz. At the end of this month, five of the robots will be shipped from UW to medical robotics researchers at Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University, the University of Nebraska, UC Berkeley, and UCLA. The other two robots will remain at UW
 and UC Santa Cruz
.
There are reportedly already four other universities waiting to get their own Raven IIs.
Each system consists of a two-armed surgical robot, a guiding video camera, and a surgeon interface system (which could be located far from the robot). They are run by software created using the popular Robot Operating System, which should allow them to be compatible with many other robotic devices. All of the systems are open-source, and will be linked with one another via the internet. In this way, the groups can work together on collaborative experiments, and share data on the new hardware, software and algorithms that they each develop.
"These are the leading labs in the nation in the field of surgical robotics, and with everyone working on the same platform we can more easily share new developments and innovations," said UW's Blake Hannaford.

Source

Trivandrum Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) Trial

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), in collaboration with the Regional Cancer centre (RCC) in Trivandrum district, India, undertook a trial to evaluate whether rounds of triennial clinical breast examination (CBE) provided by health workers can reduce the incidence of advanced breast cancer and mortality.
A total of 115,652 healthy women were randomly assigned to one of two groups in which they received either CBE screening or the usual  existing care. Women with abnormal CBE results were referred for further examination to confirm or exclude breast cancer, and those with confirmed breast cancer received appropriate treatment.
Impact
Of the 50,366 women receiving the first round of CBE, 30 breast cancers were detected among 2880 CBE-positive women (5.7%). Comparison between the cases of breast cancer diagnosed in the intervention and control groups showed a significant decrease in tumour stage and size at diagnosis and a non-significant decrease in axillary lymph node involvement. In addition, the study found a significant increase in breast conservation surgery in the intervention group.
Conclusion
Given these encouraging results, it is anticipated that further down-staging (detecting breast cancer at an earlier stage) and reductions in advanced disease and mortality will be observed as the study progresses and the remaining two rounds of screening are completed. This study may provide much needed evidence on the effectiveness of alternative methods for breast cancer screening that can be implemented in low resource settings.

Source: IARC

Sasi tharoor visits RCC